Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. If both types of dopants are present, the one present in higher concentration determines the type of the semiconductor. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture 4. Read only memories are used to store constants, control information and program. Semiconductor memory design elective iv ec574 l t p to c 3 1 4 4 course objectives. Semiconductor devices introduction it is widely seen that the distance of a nucleus from the electron of a particular atom is not equal. Fundamentals of semiconductor devices about the course. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 270 times. Multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory. This was due to magnetization curling from the edges of the stripe, where the magnization is pinned along the stripe. Raman, department of computer science and engineering, iit madras.
Nandita dasgupta, department of electrical engineering, iit madras. The main requirements of semiconductor memories are that they occupy a small area, have a fast access time and operate with low power consumption. Semiconductor memories provides indepth coverage in the areas of design for testing, fault tolerance, failure modes and mechanisms, and screening and qualification methods including. Gate preparation, nptel video lecture dvd, electronicsandcommunicationengineering, digitalcircuits, semiconductormemories, boolean algebra, boolean functions. Vlsi technology online course video lectures by iit madras. Ee lecture handouts pdf format download adobe acrobat to read pdf files. Apr 04, 2020 lecture 31 semiconductor roms semiconductor memories notes edurev is made by best teachers of. A memory is a semiconductor of magnetic device used for storage of digital data. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. An introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and. Multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well.
He is currently working as a reliability engineering manager at nasa, goddard space flight center, greenbelt, maryland. A continuation of the topics introduced in semiconductor memories. Memory john wawrzynek, krste asanovic, with john lazzaro and yunsup lee ta uc berkeley fall 2010. Architectures, designs, and applications offers a muchneeded reference to the major developments and future directions of advanced semiconductor memory technology. Rom, prom, eprom, ram, sram, sdram, rdram, all memory structures have an address bus and a data bus. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Similarly, holes are the majority carriers in a semiconductor doped with acceptors and it is termed p type. Jul 22, 2015 memory devices are something which retain data for a time period just like human brain. Lecture 31 semiconductor roms semiconductor memories. Programming takes several usecsword limited endurance max eraseprogram cycles the cell is very simple and dense. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses. Dec 19, 2008 description and comparison of semiconductor memories and utilization process within booting. For example 4k 8 or 4k byte memory contains 4096 locations, where each locations contains 8bit data and only one of the 4096 locations can be selected at a time. Lecture 8, memory cs250, uc berkeley, fall 2010 cmos bistable. Rom, prom, eprom, ram, sram, sdram, rdram, all memory structures have an address bus and a data bus possibly other control signals to control output etc. The first ics were fabricated using ge bjts in 1958. Basically there are two types of ics bipolar and unipolar.
Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. Mod01 lec29 topics in memory system, dram and sram. Transmission lines and em waves delivered by iit bombay. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture. Capacity of the dynamic readwrite memory dram chip exceeds now 1 gigabit. Memory cell structures and fabrication technologies. Basics of semiconductor memories linkedin slideshare.
He is currently working as a reliability engineering manager at. Ajit pal, computer science and engineering, iit kharagpur. Vlsi design nptel online videos, courses iit video. Basics of semiconductor devices indian institute of. Sram and dram peripherals objectives in this lecture you will learn the following introduction sram and its peripherals dram and its peripherals 30. Readers can compare results of the property measurements that have been reported by different authors and critically compare the data using the reference information contained in the book. Jack kirby of texas instruments, nobel prize in 2000. This post classifies the semiconductor memories and maps different memory devices to computer memories. Many of these, typically one or two per atom in the metal, are free to move about throughout the metal. Anjan ghosh, high speed semiconductor devices, nptel courseware, 2009. The semiconductor memories are organised as two dimensional arrays of memory locations. Introduction to semiconductor read only memory rom. Classification of semiconductor memories and computer. Readwrite memories ram static sram dynamic dram data stored as long as supply is applied large 6 transistorscell fast differential periodic refresh required small transistorscell slower single ended.
Applications that do not require regular reprogramming 18. Small memories 17 compiled sram arrays usually have a high overhead due to peripheral circuits, bist, redundancy. Semiconductor memory design elective iv unit iii 8 hours. Technology, testing, and reliability, the authors earlier work, advanced semiconductor memories. Ee lecture notes university of california, berkeley. May 18, 2015 apr 04, 2020 lecture 31 semiconductor roms semiconductor memories notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Ashok sharma semiconductor memories technology testing and reliability free ebook download as pdf file. Description and comparison of semiconductor memories and utilization process within booting.
Small memories are usually built from latches andor. Alan doolittle intel develops worlds smallest, fastest cmos transistor santa clara, calif. The reader may wonder, when a semiconductor is neither a good conductor nor an insulator, then. Chapter 8 semiconductor memories monash university. A memory location is a group of storage devices that will hold one data word. Jinfu li, ee, ncu 2 outline introduction random access memories content addressable memories read only memories. The semiconductor is in internal turmoil, with bonds being broken and reformed continuously. Theory of transistors and other semiconductor devices 1. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Semiconductor memories and microprocessors are two major fields, which are benefited by the growth in semiconductor technology. Semiconductor memory design elective iv unit iii 8. Aug 31, 2019 integrated circuits ics are chips, pieces of semiconductor material, that contain all of the transistors, resistors, and capacitors necessary to create a digital circuit or system.
However, generally, a semiconductor is defined on the basis of electrical conductivity as under. Semiconductor and simple circuitsnot to be republished. Memories come in many different types ram, rom, eeprom. Readwrite memories ram static sram dynamic dram data stored as long as supply is applied large 6 transistorscell fast differential. Semiconductor memory ram misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access readwrite volatile temporary storage static or dynamic. One reason for their utility is that memory arrays can be extremely dense. Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. To study about architecture and operations of different semiconductor memories. A semiconductor is a substance which has resistivity 10. Readwrite memories ram static sram dynamicdram data stored as long as supply is applied large 6 transistorscell fast differential. Integrated circuits integrated circuits ics are chips, pieces of semiconductor material, that contain all of the transistors, resistors, and capacitors necessary to.
Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. Semiconductor memories study notes for electronics and. Normally based around semiconductor technology, memory is used in any equipment that uses a processor of one form or another. Worse, there was a limit to the reduction of cell size because the cell would not work with sense lines narrower than about 1 micron. Verilog coding, metal oxide seminconductor field effect transistor mosfet, fabrication process and layout design rules, propagation delays in mos, power disipation in cmos circuits, semiconductor memories. Alan doolittle lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. Jan 09, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well.
Diffusion, electric potential and field, nonuniformly doped semiconductor. Digital circuits semiconductor memories exam study material. To acquire knowledge about different types of semiconductor memories. Detailed notes on semiconductor memories in digital circuits for electronics and communication and prepare for gate 2019 to crack with a.
With the rapid growth in the requirement for semiconductor memories there have been a number of technologies and types of memory that have. Semiconductor memories systems implant mask programmable nand rom 1 ehac cumolnc i nand gate corresponds to one bit of the stored word a word is selected by putting to 0 the corresponding wordline ri all the wordlines ri are 1 except the selected wordline which is 0 normally on transistors. Semiconductor memory classification rwm nvrwm rom eprom e2prom flash random access nonrandom access sram dram maskprogrammed programmable prom fifo shift register cam. Semiconductor memory classification rwm nvrwm rom eprom e2prom flash random access nonrandom access sram.
Semiconductor materials is a relatively compact book containing vast information on semiconductor material properties. The semiconductor ram is broadly two types static ram and dynamic ram. Video lecture series from iit professors vlsi device modeling by prof. Semiconductor memory technology is an essential element of todays electronics. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. Semiconductor memories are available in integrated circuits ics. Materials, devices and simple circuits semiconductors. Harddisk, cd, dvd, floppydisk, magnetic tape are also non volatile type memory devices, though they does not come under semiconductor memory. Semiconductor devices 1 it is widely seen that the distance of a nucleus from the electron of a particular atom is not equal. We have divided the whole memory system of a computer into 4 different categories.
This course seeks to cover the basics of semiconductor devices including the physics of energy bands, doping and carrier statistics and transport leading up to the understanding of common semiconductor devices including pn junctions and their applications, bjts and mosfets. Semiconductor memories can be classified based on two different characteristics. When an electric field is applied, the electrons move in the direction opposite. Conduction in metals metals are filled with electrons. Digital electronics classification of memories exam study. Classification of semiconductor memories and computer memories. Memory memory structures are crucial in digital design. This density results from their very regular wiring. Chapter 8 semiconductor memories based on kang, leblebici. Mainak chaudhuri,department of computer science and engineering,iit kanpur. Readers can compare results of the property measurements that have been reported by different authors and critically compare the data using. Lecture 30 sram and dram peripherals semiconductor. Digital circuits semiconductor memories exam study.